![]() ![]() It is artificially produced, and its most stable isotope has a half-life of about 80 milliseconds. Tennessine (Ts) was officially named in 2016.The elements in the 7th period (row) from rutherfordium (Rf) to tennessine (Ts) are so short-lived that scientists are not able to reliably classify them as solids, liquid or gases: The tubes are painted with the desired colour, and krypton’s white discharge creates the glowing effect. Neon is responsible for reddish-orange light, but another noble gas called krypton (Kr) may actually be responsible for multicoloured ‘neon’ signs. We associate neon (Ne) with bright signs.It is also highly flammable so most hydrogen-enabled flight services ceased in the late 1930s. It provided lift for the first reliable form of air travel. Hydrogen (H) is the lightest element and the most abundant chemical substance in the universe.This causes people's voices to get high pitched and squeaky when they breathe helium. The speed of sound in helium is around three times the speed of sound in the air. Helium (He) is the second most abundant element in the universe but is actually quite rare on Earth.There are 11 gaseous elements at standard conditions: Competitive racing rims are now made of a magnesium alloy. The downside was they were prone to corrosion and (incorrectly) thought to be flammable. They were lightweight, making them ideal for racing. Magnesium wheels – better known as mag wheels – were used in the 1960s. Magnesium (Mg) is needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions in our bodies.It is usually stored and shipped in mineral oil. It ignites spontaneously in air and reacts explosively with water. Caesium (Cs) is another reactive element.Pure potassium has to be stored in oil or kerosene to keep it from reacting in air. Potassium (K) is so reactive that it is not naturally found on its own.Both elements are also named after famous scientists. Both elements are synthetic and radioactive and are only produced in very, very tiny amounts. Drones carried filter paper to collect samples from the atmosphere, and the two elements were found in debris on the paper. The elements fermium (Fm) and einsteinium (Es) were discovered as a result of the first hydrogen bomb test in 1952.Carbon makes up 20% of the mass of living things. Carbon (C) reacts with other elements to produce 10 million different compounds.Astatine got its name from the Greek word astatos, meaning unstable. There are about 28 g of it in the Earth’s crust. The rarest naturally occurring element is astatine (At).Gold (Au) and copper (Cu) are the only two exceptions. Almost all of the elemental metals are silver in colour.However, its boiling point is quite high – 2,229☌ – making gallium useful in high-temperature thermometers. The average temperature of the human body is 37℃. Gallium (Ga) can turn from a solid to a liquid by merely sitting in your hand.Iodine (I) is a solid, but when it is heated, it easily sublimes – it goes straight to a gaseous state – and gives off a purple vapour.Most of the elements are solid at standard conditions (room temperature and pressure): Following are just a few weird and wonderful elemental facts. ![]() This information – and the orderliness of the period table – may make the elements appear to be somewhat predictable and dull, but many of the elements have some unusual aspects about them. ![]()
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